Cast iron is a group of iron-carbon alloys with a carbon content of more than 2%. Its usefulness derives from its relatively low melting temperature. The alloy constituents affect its color when fractured: white cast iron has carbide impurities that allow cracks to pass straight through, grey cast iron has graphite flakes that deflect a passing crack and initiate countless new cracks as the material breaks, and ductile cast iron has spherical graphite “nodules” which stop the crack from further progressing.

• Γκρι χυτοσίδηρος
• Λευκός χυτοσίδηρος
• Ελατός χυτοσίδηρος
• Εόλκιμος χυτοσίδηρος

Alloy steel is categorized as either low or high-alloy. Low-alloy cast steel (≤ 8% alloy content) behaves similarly to normal carbon steel, but with higher hardenability. High-alloy cast steel (> 8% alloy content) is designed to produce a specific property, such as corrosion resistance, heat resistance, or wear resistance.

• ASTM A27, Βαθμός N-1 έως Βαθμός 70-40.
• ASTM A148, Βαθμός 80-40 έως Βαθμός 90-60.
• ASTM A216, Βαθμός WCA σε βαθμό WCC.
• ASTM A352, Βαθμός LCA σε βαθμό LCC.

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One of the most significant benefits of aluminum casting is that it creates lighter parts—with more surface finishing options than other cast alloys. Moreover, cast aluminum is versatile, and corrosion resistant; it retains high dimensional stability with thin walls and can be used in almost any industry.

Casted copper alloys have high tensile and compressive strength, have good wear qualities when subjected to metal-to-metal contact, are easily machined, have good thermal and electrical conductivity, and have high corrosion resistance for maximizing product performance. It is mostly used in the fine arts area. Some of the widely used alloys are:

• Μπρούτζος: Κράμα χαλκού και κασσίτερου.
• Ορείχαλκος: Κράμα χαλκού και ψευδαργύρου.
• Monel/ Cupronickel: Κράμα χαλκού και νικελίου.